“Why does the author mention Dr. Smith’s research?” “The author’s attitude toward renewable energy can best be described as…” Look for signal words like “however,” “fortunately,” “surprisingly.” Positive or negative adjectives reveal tone.

A) Smartphones allow employees to have greater autonomy over their schedules. B) The "fight or flight" response is a necessary biological mechanism for survival. C) Constant connectivity offers benefits, but it also poses significant psychological risks. D) Sociologists have coined a new term to describe family relationships. E) Physical presence is the most important factor for family unity.

Pay attention to contrast words ( although , on the contrary ) and cause-effect words ( thus , as a result ).